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A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is denoted by the symbol "%". For example, 50% means 50 out of 100, or half of the total.
Finding a percentage of a number: To find X% of Y, multiply Y by (X/100).
Finding what percentage one number is of another: To find what percentage X is of Y, divide X by Y and multiply by 100.
Finding percentage change: To find the percentage change from X to Y, calculate (Y - X) / X × 100.
Increasing by a percentage: To increase X by Y%, multiply X by (1 + Y/100).
Decreasing by a percentage: To decrease X by Y%, multiply X by (1 - Y/100).